Terminology

Directory = A folder Working Directory = The folder you are currently working in.

Cheat Sheet

Command	Use	Description
pwd	print working directory	Show the path to the current working directory
ls	list	List contents of a directory
cd	change directory	Change the current working directory
mkdir	make directory	Create a new directory
rm	remove	delete a set of files and/or directories
Ctrl-C		Stop currently running program from running
emacs	open emacs	Open GNU Emacs, a linux text editor
source	execute	Execute a program using Bash

Additionally note that, once you have copied something into the linux clipboard, you can paste it by clicking in the mouse wheel.